Allergy diet - List of hypoallergenic foods

With an allergy in the body, a distortion of the immune responses occurs, causing it to produce antibodies against harmless substances from the external environment, including food. An allergy diet helps reduce the strain of immunity in the presence of violations of its work (autoimmune diseases, etc. ) or if it has not yet formed (in infants).The article provides a list of hypoallergenic foods, a list of foods that should not be eaten, nutritional recommendations for nursing mothers.

hypoallergenic products

Food is foreign to the body in terms of its DNA structure, but this does not normally cause reactions. Even with a sufficient amount of enzymes, some protein molecules do not go through complete fermentation to amino acids and can be absorbed into the bloodstream unchanged, causing allergies. An allergy diet is made up of such products. These are vegetables, grains, and fruits that grow in the human region, are not bright red, and do not contain many of the proteins and immune agents of the animals from which they were derived.

When it comes to food allergies, remember thatyou can't eat these foods:

• Coffee, cocoa, chocolate.The reaction to these products is accompanied by cross-allergy to legumes. They are usually caused by the caffeine and theobromine in these products.

• Semi-finished products, smoked products.They contain preservatives, food additives that cause both true and pseudo-allergic reactions. When smoked, many carcinogens are formed.

• Mushrooms.Rich in protein and difficult to ferment, it contains chitin and glucans in the cell wall.

• legumes(peas, beans, peanuts, lentils) - are known as a rich source of plant proteins, which serve as allergens.

• Milk.In addition to casein protein, milk contains antibodies to create passive immunity in the offspring of the animals from which it is obtained (cows, goats, etc. ).

• Eggs.They contain albumin protein and other nutrients necessary for the development of the avian embryo and can cause a reaction.

• Fish and shellfish.The presence of an M-protein antigen resistant to heat treatment was established in them.

• cross allergy(vegetables and fruits). If the patient is allergic to pollen, reactions occur to fruits and vegetables that have pollen of similar structure or belonging to the same genus (poplar, willow, apples). By reacting to pollen, it's easier to determine exactly which foods to eliminate.

• Meat.It contains a lot of protein, but generally due to denaturation during its preparation, the sensitizing capacity is greatly reduced.

• Cereals,especially wheat. They contain gluten, albumin and gliadin.

Pseudo-allergic reactions and some hypervitaminoses have manifestations similar to allergies. The main difference is the appearance of symptoms at the first entry of foreign peptides into the body and the dependence of the severity of the deterioration of the patient's condition on the amount of food eaten. These reactions appear in bright red, sometimes orange, fruits and vegetables (tomato, pomegranate, citrus, strawberries).

What to eat - food list

Hypoallergenicthe diet requires the elimination of first-order allergens(exotic fruits and vegetables, strawberries, cocoa, mushrooms, peanuts, walnuts, coffee, honey, shellfish, eggs, fish and milk with its derivatives - powdered milk and cheese), andmoderate consumption of secondary allergens(cereals: wheat, rye, corn, buckwheat; legumes; potatoes; currants; blueberries; apricots; lingonberries; fatty meats with rich broths from them; herbal tinctures).

The following types of food are allowed:

• Lean meat;

• foods subject to partial fermentation during cooking;

• products specific to the place of residence;

• white and green vegetables;

• offal;

• cereals.

Shopping list

hypoallergenic productsallowed to eat:

• Cereals: semolina, rice, as well as oatmeal and pearl barley.

• Low-fat sour-milk products without additives, better made at home: cottage cheese (9%), kefir (1%), fermented baked milk.

• Meat: lean beef, turkey, pork.

• Offal (beef, pork): liver, tongue, kidneys.

• Cod and sea bass.

• Buckwheat bread, rice or corn.

• Oil: butter, sunflower, olive.

• Brussels sprouts, white cabbage, cauliflower.

• Rutabagas, pumpkin, zucchini, turnips.

• Broccoli, green salad, spinach, herbs.

• Green apples, pears, white currants and cherries, currants.

• Apple and pear compote (also dried), rosehip broth, weakly brewed tea.

• Mineral water without gas.

Diet and nutrition for allergies.

Food for allergies in children and adults is prescribed in the form of medical tables. The list of products and menus areaccording to dietary tables number 5 and number 9.

In children

An anti-allergic diet in children requires the simultaneous exclusion of products that enhance the reaction and the elaboration of a diet that respects the digestive organs (in children, gastrointestinal dysfunction often occurs due to too heavy food, due to immaturity of the liver and less amount of enzymes than in adults). It is necessary to use hypoallergenic products with low fat content with a sufficient consumption of carbohydrates. For thisproper medical table number 5, with the exception of food-immune irritants.

table number 5

It is also used for gastrointestinal dysfunction, liver and gallbladder diseases.

Nutrients:

• Proteins - 80-90 g / day (in the ratio of animal and vegetable protein 3: 2);

• fats - 70-75 g / day (¼ - for vegetable oils);

• carbohydrates - 360 g / day (equivalent to 80-90 g of sugar);

• water - 2-2. 5 liters / day;

• calorie - 2400 kcal / day.

Recommended Products:

• Bakery products:dry, from bran flour and 1st grade flour, yesterday's bread, premium biscuits, lean.
  It is impossible: fresh pastries, muffin.

• soupsVegetable soups with zucchini, cauliflower or Brussels sprouts, spinach, butternut squash; milk soups with milk diluted with water (1: 1); with strongly boiled cereals (grits, oatmeal, rice). For dressing: butter, sour cream, flour.
  It is impossible: meat, fish, bean and mushroom broths.

• Meat.Lean types: rabbit, turkey, chicken, lean beef, pork; cooked without skin and lived. The meat is boiled, steamed in the form of minced meat or in a whole piece (chicken).
  It is impossible: brains, kidneys, smoked products and sausages, fried and boiled meat in one piece, fatty poultry (duck, goose) and meat (pork, beef).

• Fish.Low-fat varieties, mostly freshwater. Boiled or steamed, in the form of chops and whole piece.
  It is impossible: fried, battered, fatty varieties; salted, stewed, canned; caviar.

• Dairy products.Low-fat dairy products: fresh cottage cheese (5-9%), sour cream (15%), kefir (1%), fermented baked milk (2, 5%). Milk diluted with water for soups, cereals.
  It is impossible: fatty cottage cheese, sour cream, cream; processed and hard cheese; Whole milk and powder.

• Eggs.0. 5-1 piece/day; steamed and boiled.
  It is impossible: more than 1 egg per day, other dishes.

• Cereals.In water, milk with water (1: 1) - rice, semolina, oatmeal, buckwheat (limited), noodles, semolina and rice soufflé, buckwheat and rice flour.
  Not allowed: legumes, millet.

• Vegetables.Potatoes, carrots, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts, spinach, butternut squash, broccoli, zucchini, courgette, boiled or steamed butternut squash, cucumbers.
  It is impossible: white cabbage, onions, pickled vegetables, preserves, pickles, beets, radishes, radishes, turnips, sorrel, garlic, tomatoes, mushrooms, legumes.

• Sweet fruits.Green apples, currants, limited: apricots, white cherries and currants, pears raw, pureed, boiled; as part of jelly, mousse, jelly.
  Not allowed: sour fruits, exotic fruits, bright red fruits, creams, chocolate, ice cream.

• saucesIn vegetable broth, decoction of cereals, with a small amount of low-fat sour cream; with unroasted flour.
  It is impossible: mayonnaise, ketchup, in meat, fish, mushroom broths; fatty and spicy dressings.

• Beverages.Weak green tea without additives; compote of pears, apples and currants; of dried fruits; rosehip decoction.
  It is impossible: cocoa, coffee, black tea and tea with additives (including with lemon); bright red berry compotes; citrus drinks; carbonated drinks.

• fatsButter - up to 30 g / day; sunflower and olive oil (limited).

The time for which a person must follow an anti-allergy diet is limited: for adults - 2-3 weeks; for children - 7-10 days. If, when the diet is canceled, a skin rash and manifestations of allergy recurrence appear, the product to which the reaction occurred should be excluded.

table number 9

It is prescribed for metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune and allergic diseases. It requires restriction of carbohydrates in the diet, so it is mainly prescribed for adults and children with intolerance to lactose, sucrose, etc.

Nutrients:

• Proteins: 85-90 g / day (50-60% - animal origin);

• Fats: 70-80 g / day (40-45% - vegetable oils);

• Carbohydrates - complex only; 300-350g/day;

• Water: 1. 5-2 l/day;

• Caloric content: 2200-2400 kcal/day.

Recommended dishes and products:

• Flour:bran, protein bran bread, from 2nd grade flour; protein-wheat. Cookies and pastries without sugar (at the expense of bread).
  It is impossible: muffin, puff pastry, products with premium flour.

• soups:vegetable; borscht and cabbage soup in a weak broth; beet root; weak simple meat and fish broths; vegetable okroshka / with meat; soups with meatballs (fat free).
  It is impossible: rich and fatty broths; mushroom soups; with beans

• Meat:lean beef, veal, lamb, pork (loin/white ball); rabbit, turkey, chicken; boiled tongue; liver (limited). In stewed, boiled, steamed form; You can boil the meat after light frying minced and a piece.
  It is impossible: smoked meats, sausages, fatty meats, duck, goose, stew.

• Fish:lean varieties steamed, lightly fried, grilled, baked without oil. Canned tomato (limit).
  It is impossible: fatty varieties, exotic varieties of sea fish; seafood; semi-finished products, pickles and preserves in oil; caviar.

• Dairy products:low-fat milk (1. 5-2. 5%), or diluted with water for cereals; low-fat fermented dairy products (cottage cheese 0-5%; kefir 1%; ryadanka 2. 5%); moderately - sour cream 15%. Salt-free varieties of low-fat cheese (cheese, feta, ricotta).
  It is impossible: cream; sweet curd; hard and salty cheeses.

• Eggs:no more than 1. 5 pieces/day; boiled (soft, hard); steamed protein omelettes; reduce yolk consumption.

• Cereals:moderately (according to the norm of carbohydrates): millet, pearl barley, buckwheat, barley grits, oatmeal.
  Not allowed: legumes, rice, pasta, semolina.

• Vegetables:potatoes (XE limit), eggplants, cucumbers, tomato and beets (limited), carrots, broccoli, zucchini, pumpkin, lettuce, Brussels sprouts and cauliflower, spinach, zucchini, pumpkin. stewed, boiled, baked dishes; limited - fried.
  It is impossible: pickles, conservation.

• Appetizers:vinaigrette, vegetable caviar (zucchini), fresh salads, soaked herring, fish jelly, meat, dietary cheeses (except tofu), beef jelly.
  It is impossible: smoked meats, fatty sandwiches, sausages, lard, sandwiches with liver and mushrooms, pickles, canned food.

• Sweet fruits:fresh fruits and berries (sweet and sour), jellies, pastries, sambuca, compotes; sweets with sugar substitute.
  Not allowed: chocolate, sweets, ice cream, jam, exotic fruits (banana, figs, dates), raisins and grapes.

• Sauces, spices:low-fat in vegetable broths, weak meats and fish; limit - ketchup, pepper, mustard, horseradish.
  Not allowed: fatty sauces with many spices.

• Beverages:tea without additives, fruit and vegetable juices (without sugar), rosehip broth.
  Not Allowed: Sugary drinks, sodas, grape and other sweet fruit/berry juices.

• Fats:lean, olive and unsalted butter.
  It is impossible: meat and cooking fats (fried, lard, etc. ).

in lactating mothers

A hypoallergenic diet for a nursing mother prevents reactions to food in a newborn and reduces gas formation in a baby. Strictdietary restrictions are important in the first 3 months of a baby's life, because:

• Nervous regulation of digestion and peristalsis remains immature (one of the causes of colic in newborns);

• the digestive system adapts: previously, the child received nutrients from the mother's blood through the umbilical cord; the motility of the gastrointestinal tract and the production of gastrointestinal hormones, the active production of bile and pancreatic, duodenal and gastric juices are started;

• the enzymes in the baby's body are produced in limited quantities. Excess nutrients are not digested, which also leads to colic and bloating;

• unformed immunity (up to 6 months). The body's protection is provided by immunoglobulins from breast milk.

When compiling the diet of lactating women, it is important that it has enough calories. Daily energy intake due to lactation increases by 500 kcal.

Due to the increasing adaptive capacities of the child's body, the hepatitis B diet should be as strict as possible during the first 1 to 2 weeks of the child's life, with a gradual relaxation of dietary restrictions and the introduction of a small number of new products

1-2 weeks

Completely excluded (what is impossibleto eateven in small doses)

• cocoa and chocolate;

• coffee, strong tea;

• legumes;

• fatty meats, rich broths;

• fatty and sea fish;

• Fruit;

• White cabbage;

• Milk;

• eggs;

• premium flour muffins and cakes;

• honey;

• walnuts.

Available in limited quantities:

• Crackers from 1 grade flour, bran flour;

• lean varieties of fish;

• liver (except poultry);

• lean beef, chicken;

• corn, buckwheat;

• butter and olive oil;

• baked green apples;

• dad;

• sugar;

• tea.

The basis of the diet is (savehypoallergenicfood):

• Low fat dairy products;

• lean meat: rabbit, turkey; weak broths from lean meat;

• vegetables and broths from them: cauliflower, Brussels sprouts; broccoli; patisson, zucchini, zucchini; spinach; some onions and carrots;

• cereals: rice, buckwheat, millet, wheat, oats; moderately - corn, semolina;

• fermented milk products: cottage cheese 5-9%; sour cream 15%; kefir, fermented baked milk, dietary cheeses (ricotta, feta, unsalted cheese);

• herbal teas (including lactation teas: anise, fennel, dill, chamomile), rosehip decoction, weak green tea without additives;

• desserts - crackers from 1 grade flour or bran; dry bread with bran (you can: a sandwich with a thin layer of butter no more than 1 piece / day), crackers (with bran, from premium flour - limited);

2-3 weeks - 1. 5 months

Completely exclude highly allergenic foods, as in the first 14 days, with the exception of:

• Milk.Use diluted milk no more than 1 or 2 times a week to make cereals. If a rash appears on the baby's skin, milk is excluded from the diet of a nursing mother.

• eggs.In boiled form - no more than 1 piece / week; in the absence of a reaction in the baby - take 1 piece / day, limit protein.

Gradually introduce into the diet:

• Fruits and vegetables characteristic of the yellow and red region:pumpkin, yellow apples (from 1/4 apple a day baked), banana (from 1/4 a day); increased potatoes in the diet; beets (boiled with 1 tablespoon grated); tomato (start by adding tomato paste (1/2 package for 4 servings) or steamed vegetables (no more than 1/2 medium tomato at a time)); new vegetables are always introduced in baked/boiled form.

• Different types of meat:beef, veal, pork, chicken (low-fat parts - white ball, tenderloin, etc. ). Increase liver intake, gradually introducing chicken liver.

• Increase your intake of lean fish.

The diet is always adjusted to the child. If the baby has a rash when turning on a new product, it is immediately removed from the woman's diet.

Up to 3 months, the nervous apparatus of the intestine is not yet formed, so you can not eat foods that promote gas formation and are difficult to digest:

• fatty meats, strong broths, lard;

• legumes;

• heavy fruits and berries rich in fiber and sugar: cherries, grapes, pears.

3-6 months

The main stage of adaptation is complete. Now in a woman's diet you can gradually include all foods, except:

• Cocoa, chocolate, coffee;

• semi-finished products, sausages and smoked meats;

• sauces (mayonnaise, ketchup);

• honey, nuts;

• citrus and strawberries.

The rest of the products are introduced gradually, observing the baby's reaction (appearance of colic, skin rashes). It is recommended to include soups with legumes in the diet from 4-5 months of life of the child, starting with 1/4 of a portion each time.

In one day, 1 new product is introduced to monitor the baby's condition. Therefore, borscht and other complex dishes should be eaten after the baby has got used to all the ingredients (beets, tomatoes, cabbage, etc. ).

6-12 months

After 6 months, complementary foods are introduced to children, so you can not comply with dietary restrictions (except for the above hyperallergens).

Complementary foods start with cereals (buckwheat, rice, wheat), giving 1 teaspoon as the first serving. Porridges are boiled in breast milk and water, without adding fats and spices. For the first feeding, it is allowed to give homemade fermented milk drinks with low-fat milk (2. 5%) - kefir, yogurt without additives and sugar. The child receives only fresh food (1-2 days after preparation).

They begin to introduce complementary foods at mealtime (12. 00), breastfeed the baby. For a week, the child must adapt to a food ration that replaces complementary foods. After that, the previously introduced product is given in the morning (8. 00-9. 00), and new products are introduced for lunch.